Sexualidad y salud sexual / Sexuality and sexual health

En este trabajo se recuerdan las definiciones de salud sexual y su relación con la sexualidad. Se menciona la sexología clínica como disciplina reciente y su aporte a la promoción de la salud. Se detallan algunos trastornos sexuales que constituyen el campo de acción de la sexología clínica. Se citan estudios y estadísticas de los problemas sexuales más frecuentes. Se hace hincapié en su relación con el bienestar y la calidad de vida. Se remarca el avance científico de la sexología clínica en el siglo XXI. (AU)

In this work the definitions of sexual health and its relationship with sexuality are recalled. Clinical sexology is mentioned as a recent discipline and its contribution to health promotion. Some sexual disorders that constitute the clinical sexologys field of action are detailed. Studies and statistics of the most frequent sexual problems are cited. It emphasizes its relation to well-being and the quality of life. The scientific advance of clinical sexology in the XXI century is highlighted. (AU)

[Sexual medicine in Lausanne : past, present and future]. / Médecine sexuelle à Lausanne : passé, présent et futur.

Sexuality is a natural function, part of global health and has to be evaluated in every patient. When difficulties or dyfunctions happen in this domain, a specific mangement should be proposed. Sexual medicine is a « young ¼ transversal discipline developping these last years in the french-speaking area of Switzerland. We present in this article a short history of sexual medicine in Lausanne and the recent activity in the Sexual Medicine Consultation of the Maternity in the CHUV.

La sexualité est une fonction naturelle, composante de la santé et mérite d'être évaluée chez chacun de nos patients. Lorsque des difficultés, des dysfonctions ou une insatisfaction surviennent dans le domaine de la sexualité, une prise en charge spécifique devrait être proposée. La médecine sexuelle est une discipline transversale relativement « jeune ¼ qui se développe en Suisse romande notamment. Nous présentons dans cet article un bref rappel historique de la médecine sexuelle à Lausanne, ainsi que l'activité actuelle au sein de la Consultation de médecine sexuelle de la maternité du CHUV.

[The emergence and institutionalization of sexology in Portugal: processes, actors, and specificities]. / Emergência e institucionalização da sexologia em Portugal: processos, atores e especificidades.

Based on Bourdieu's field theory, this article analyzes the emergence and institutionalization of sexology as a science and profession in Portugal, identifying relevant institutions, actors, and professional practices and discussing its relations and specificities. The analysis begins by contextualizing the emergence of modern Western sexology in order to comprehend the Portuguese case in the international sexology context. The second section describes the social, cultural, and institutional factors that have driven the professionalization of sexology. The third section describes the emergence of Portuguese sexology and its principal historical milestones, institutions, and actors. Finally, the article discusses some implications of this process for the role of sexology as a science and profession. The study reveals the dynamics of national and international processes in the field, in the transition from a holistic perspective of sexology to the hegemony of sexual medicine, and sheds light on its mechanisms of legitimation as a transdisciplinary science of sexuality, suggesting future perspectives.

[Sexual medicine in obstetrics and gynecology]. / Médecine sexuelle en gynécologie-obstétrique.

Obstetrics and gynecology specialists should be women's favoured interlocutors when talking about their sexuality. Indeed every day they assess their patient's intimacy, they manage pathologies that have a potential but well-known impact on sexuality, and they are very early aware of a more global approach like psycho-somatic. Furthermore, women are going to meet their obstetrician and gynecologist through all ages, from adolescence to post-menopause. At every step sexual problems can occur that can be searched, investigated and mostly managed by this specialist. The relationship between female sexual medicine and obstetrics and gynecology is undeniable and deserve to be favoured and consolidated.

[Eye tracking and desire: new scientific and clinical perspectives in sexual medicine]. / Eye tracking et désir: nouvelles perspectives scientifiques et cliniques en médecine sexuelle.

There is a growing interest in the field of neurobiology of sexual function. With the advent of advanced technologies such as fMRI or EEG, it was possible to investigate the neuronal and psychobiological bases of the various phases of sexual response and sexual desire. Recently, a new technique debuted in sexual medicine, eye tracking. Thus through this article, we will leave the definition of sexual desire, through various neuropsychological studies in this field to finish on the unique and very recent eye tracking study that highlighted the visual patterns of desire sexual.

Emergência e institucionalização da sexologia em Portugal: processos, atores e especificidades / The emergence and institutionalization of sexology in Portugal: processes, actors, and specificities / Emergencia e institucionalización de la sexología en Portugal: procesos, actores y especificidades

Resumo: Com base na teoria dos campos de Bourdieu, este artigo analisa a emergência e a institucionalização da sexologia enquanto ciência e profissão em Portugal, identificando instituições, atores e práticas profissionais, e discutindo as suas relações e especificidades. Começa por contextualizar o surgimento da sexologia moderna ocidental para uma compreensão do caso português no contexto sexológico internacional. Numa segunda parte, descreve os fatores de natureza social, cultural e institucional que têm impulsionado a profissionalização da sexologia. Na terceira, descreve a emergência da sexologia portuguesa e os seus principais marcos históricos, instituições e atores em jogo. Por fim, discute algumas implicações desse processo para o papel da sexologia como ciência e profissão. Esta pesquisa revela as dinâmicas entre processos nacionais e internacionais no campo, na transição de uma perspectiva holística da sexologia para a hegemonia da medicina sexual, e clarifica os seus mecanismos de legitimação como ciência transdisciplinar da sexualidade, sugerindo perspectivas futuras.

Abstract: Based on Bourdieu's field theory, this article analyzes the emergence and institutionalization of sexology as a science and profession in Portugal, identifying relevant institutions, actors, and professional practices and discussing its relations and specificities. The analysis begins by contextualizing the emergence of modern Western sexology in order to comprehend the Portuguese case in the international sexology context. The second section describes the social, cultural, and institutional factors that have driven the professionalization of sexology. The third section describes the emergence of Portuguese sexology and its principal historical milestones, institutions, and actors. Finally, the article discusses some implications of this process for the role of sexology as a science and profession. The study reveals the dynamics of national and international processes in the field, in the transition from a holistic perspective of sexology to the hegemony of sexual medicine, and sheds light on its mechanisms of legitimation as a transdisciplinary science of sexuality, suggesting future perspectives.

Resumen: En base a la teoría de los campos de Bourdieu, este artículo analiza la emergencia y la institucionalización de la sexología como ciencia y profesión en Portugal, identificando instituciones, actores y prácticas profesionales, y discutiendo sus relaciones y especificidades. Comienza por contextualizar el surgimiento de la sexología moderna occidental para una comprensión del caso portugués en el contexto sexológico internacional. En una segunda parte, se describen los factores de naturaleza social, cultural e institucional que han impulsado la profesionalización de la sexología. En la tercera parte, se describe la emergencia de la sexología portuguesa y sus principales marcos históricos, instituciones, y actores en juego. Finalmente, discute algunas implicaciones de este proceso para el papel de la sexología como ciencia y profesión. Esta investigación revela las dinámicas entre procesos nacionales e internacionales en el campo, en la transición de una perspectiva holística de la sexología para la hegemonía de la medicina sexual, y clarifica sus mecanismos de legitimización como ciencia transdisciplinaria de la sexualidad, sugiriendo perspectivas futuras.

Anatomy of sex: Revision of the new anatomical terms used for the clitoris and the female orgasm by sexologists.

Sexual medicine experts and sexologists must spread certainties on the biological basis of the female orgasm to all women, not hypotheses or personal opinions. Therefore, they must use scientific anatomical terminology. The anatomy of the clitoris and the female orgasm are described in textbooks, but some researchers have proposed a new anatomical terminology for the sexual response in women. The internal/inner clitoris does not exist: the entire clitoris is an external organ. The clitoris is not composed of two arcs but of the glans, body, and crura or roots. "Clitoral bulbs" is an incorrect term from an embryological and anatomical viewpoint: the correct term is "vestibular bulbs." The bulbocavernosus muscles are implicated in inferior vaginismus, while the pubovaginal muscle is responsible for superior vaginismus. The clitoral or clitoris-urethro-vaginal complex has no embryological, anatomical and physiological support: the vagina has no anatomical relationship with the clitoris, and the clitoris is a perineal organ while the supposed G-spot is in the pelvic urethra. G-spot/vaginal/clitoral orgasm, vaginally activated orgasm, and clitorally activated orgasm, are incorrect terms: like "male orgasm," "female orgasm" is the correct term. The "vaginal" orgasm that some women report is always caused by the surrounding erectile organs (triggers of female orgasm). The male penis cannot come in contact with the venous plexus of Kobelt or with the clitoris during vaginal intercourse. Also, female ejaculation, premature ejaculation, persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD), periurethral glans, vaginal-cervical genitosensory component of the vagus nerve, and G-spot amplification, are terms without scientific basis. Female sexual satisfaction is based on orgasm and resolution: in all women, orgasm is always possible if the female erectile organs, i.e. the female penis, are effectively stimulated during masturbation, cunnilingus, partner masturbation, or during vaginal/anal intercourse if the clitoris is simply stimulated with a finger. Clin. Anat. 28:293-304, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Métodos anticonceptivos utilizados por población inmigrante y condicionantes que influyen en su elección en un área sanitaria de Zaragoza / Contraceptive methods used by immigrant populations and conditions that influence the choice in a health area in Zaragoza

Introducción. En los últimos años el porcentaje de mujeres inmigrantes ha aumentado provocando el surgimiento de necesidades específicas referentes a su salud sexual y reproductiva. El objetivo fue conocer los métodos anticonceptivos utilizados por ellas y los condicionantes que influyen en su elección. Estimar como indicadores de alerta: uso de píldora poscoital y prevalencia de abortos. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal, mediante encuesta realizada en el primer trimestre del año 2011 en el Centro de Salud Delicias Sur (Zaragoza). La población diana fueron mujeres inmigrantes en edad fértil (15-45 años) que acudieron al centro, previo consentimiento informado. Muestreo accidental por cuotas. Resultados. La edad media fue de 29,35 años (IC al 95% = 27,95-30,75 años). El país de origen mayoritario fue Ecuador. Casi la mitad de las mujeres estaban solteras y trabajaban por cuenta ajena, y su nivel de instrucción era medio. La media de años de residencia en España fue de 5,68 años (IC al 95% = 4,99-6,37 años). Un 42% de las mujeres (IC al 95% = 32,62-51,83) no utilizaba ningún método anticonceptivo. El método más utilizado fue el preservativo, seguido de la píldora. Más de la mitad de las mujeres habían sido informadas en atención primaria. Un 32% (IC al 95% = 23,42-41,60) de ellas tenían un antecedente de aborto. Respecto al uso de la píldora poscoital (PPC), había recurrido a ella el 19,39% (IC al 95% = 12,46-28,10). Conclusiones. El 42% no utilizaba ningún método anticonceptivo y los indicadores de alerta sobre el fracaso de medidas preventivas en salud reproductiva son elevados (AU)

Background. The percentage of women immigrants in Spain has increased in these last years, resulting in the emergence of specific needs related to sexual and reproductive health. The objective of this article was to define the contraceptive methods used by immigrant women and the determining factors that influence their choice. To estimate the use of emergency post-coital contraception and prevalence of abortion. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study using a survey was carried out in the first quarter of 2011 at the "Centro de Salud Delicias Sur" in Zaragoza, Spain. The target population were immigrant women of childbearing age between 15 and 45 years who attended the clinic. Non probability sampling was used. Results. The mean age was 29.35 years (95% confidence interval (CI) = 27.95 to 30.75 years). The majority country of origin was Ecuador. Almost half the women were single and worked in paid employment. The educational level was considered as average. The average duration of residence in Spain was 5.68 years (95% CI = 4.99 to 6.37 years) and 42% of them (95% CI = 32.62 to 51.83) did not use any contraceptive method. The most used contraceptive method was the condom, followed by oral hormonal contraceptives. More than half of the women had been informed in Primary Care. Almost one third (32%) (95% CI = 23.42 to 41.60) of the women had a history of abortion. More than 19% of women (95% CI = 12.46 to 28.10) had used the emergency contraceptive method. Conclusion. Contraceptive methods were not used by 42% of women. The alert indicators on the failure of preventive measures in sexual health are still too high (AU)

El sexo y el género: dos dominios científicos diferentes que debieran ser clarificados / Sex and gender: two different scientific domains to be clarified

Donde hasta hace poco se utilizaba el vocablo sexo y sus derivados (diferencias sexuales, roles y estereotipos sexuales), hoy aparece una tendencia generalizada a sustituirlo por género y sus derivados (diferencias de género, roles y estereotipos de género), o bien a que el sexo y el género compartan espacio en los trabajos científicos, haciendo referencia a dos dominios distintos. Aquí se tratará de justificar la necesidad de un modelo capaz de integrar ambas complejas realidades, la del sexo y la del género, dando lugar a dos disciplinas autónomas, aunque complementarias, como son la sexología y la generología. En ambos casos, se parte de un punto de vista funcional, que es el que daría sentido a la especificidad de ambas disciplinas, dado que con él se pretende concatenar las distintas aportaciones provenientes de diferentes campos del saber. Este planteamiento puede tener importantes consecuencias en el terreno de la investigación, en el de la educación, en el de la vivencia de mujeres, varones y personas ambiguas, y en el clínico(AU)

Nowadays, the word sex and its related terms (sexual differences, sexual roles and stereotypes), so common not long ago, seems to have been replaced by gender and its related terms (gender differences, gender roles and stereotypes). We can sometimes find both sex and gender sharing the same space in scientific articles, although referring to different domains. In this paper, I try to explain the need for a model that can integrate both of these complex domains of sex and gender, leading to two independent, although complementary, disciplines: Sexology and Genderology. In both cases, I start from a functional standpoint, which will give meaning to both disciplines’ specificities, as it is meant to link contributions from different fields of knowledge. This approach can have consequences for research, education, the experience of women, men, and ambiguous individuals, and therapy(AU)